
In times where transportation was slow, and communication systems didn’t exist, how did armies and civilians communicate? A common way people communicated across long distances was through the use of smoke in the day, and fire in the night, using a tool known as a Bong Su Je (봉수제), also known as a warning beacon. It is estimated that forms of these beacons were used from the period known as the “Three Kingdoms Period”, which was from about 57 BC to 668 AD, though the Goryeo Dynasty (918 AD to 1392 AD), and were decommissioned around 1894, during the Joseon Dynasty.
In order for a warning beacon to function properly, great importance and consideration must be given to its location. In order for a beacon to be effective, it has to be located on a site with a large field of vision. It is because of these considerations that old beacon sites are being used as observation areas today.
In present day Seoul, there are still remnants of the old warning beacons, one of the most famous ones being the Namsam Beacon Station. Only the Namsam Area has 5 beacon stations. Being located in the capital city of Seoul, all other beacons in the country linked to this beacon, and so it was also called Gyung Bong Su (경봉수, 경[京] meaning Capital).
Due to the importance of this station, the Namsan Beacon Station was manned by an arrangement of signal officers and their supervisors, and the Minister of National Defense, who reported to the Secretariat of the King(Seung-Jeong-Won / 승정원) every morning, who would then in turn report the state of the kingdom to the King. (In order to paint a picture of how seriously these positions were, there are recorded incidents of severe punishments for failure to raise beacons in times of need. In urgent situations, not lighting the beacon could result in being flogged, perhaps being beat 100 times. Failure to light the beacon during war time could lead to a death sentence.)
Namsan beacon station #1 is connected to the Achasan beacon station, which is now called Bonghwasan beacon station, connecting the Provinces of Hamkyung and Gangwon. Namsan beacon station #2 is connected to the Chunrimsan beacon station, located in present day Yangjae-dong/Chunggyesan, and connects to the Provinces of Gyungsang and Choongchungbuk.
Namsan beacon station #3, also known as Muak beacon station, is divided into 2 locations and are located on Inwangsan, and connects to the Provinces of Pyeongan, Hwanghae by land.
Namsan beacon station #4 is the second division of Muak beacton station, and connects to the Provinces of Pyeongan, Hwanghae by sea. Namsan beacon station #5 connects to Gaehwasan beacon station, and continues the connection to the Provinces of Jeolla and Choongchung. Although it’s location in present day Gangseo-gu and Gaehwa-dong isn’t as high as the others, it still provides an excellent view.
At present, only the Namsan, Achasan, and Muak beacon stations have been restored, but the remnants of the other stations still exist. All of the stations provide an excellent view of Seoul and its surrounding regions. Weekend training for soldiers is held at the Namsan station, so not only can you see the view, but there are public performances as well, making it a good place for a weekend trip with family and friends.
